Esta nota con\u00adtri\u00adbui para o deba\u00adte sobre o papel redis\u00adtri\u00adbu\u00adti\u00advo da pol\u00ed\u00adti\u00adca fis\u00adcal no Bra\u00adsil a par\u00adtir da an\u00e1\u00adli\u00adse da inci\u00add\u00ean\u00adcia dos cha\u00adma\u00addos bene\u00adf\u00ed\u00adci\u00ados in-kind, isto \u00e9, os gas\u00adtos p\u00fabli\u00adcos com sa\u00fa\u00adde e edu\u00adca\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o na ren\u00adda das fam\u00ed\u00adli\u00adas. Com base na Pes\u00adqui\u00adsa de Or\u00e7a\u00admen\u00adtos Fami\u00adli\u00ada\u00adres (POF) 2017\u20132018, nos dados admi\u00adnis\u00adtra\u00adti\u00advos do Ins\u00adti\u00adtu\u00adto Naci\u00ado\u00adnal de Estu\u00addos e Pes\u00adqui\u00adsas Edu\u00adca\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais (Inep), na Pes\u00adqui\u00adsa Naci\u00ado\u00adnal de Sa\u00fa\u00adde (PNS) e nas Con\u00adtas SHA (Sys\u00adtem Health Accounts) orga\u00adni\u00adza\u00addas con\u00adjun\u00adta\u00admen\u00adte pelo IPEA, Fio\u00adcruz e IBGE, o estu\u00addo mos\u00adtra como os gas\u00adtos p\u00fabli\u00adcos com sa\u00fa\u00adde e edu\u00adca\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e3o dis\u00adtri\u00adbu\u00ed\u00addos entre os estra\u00adtos de ren\u00adda, con\u00adsi\u00adde\u00adran\u00addo qua\u00adtro gru\u00adpos soci\u00ado\u00adde\u00admo\u00adgr\u00e1\u00adfi\u00adcos: homens negros, mulhe\u00adres negras, homens bran\u00adcos e mulhe\u00adres bran\u00adcas. Com isso, tor\u00adna-se pos\u00ads\u00ed\u00advel cal\u00adcu\u00adlar o \u00cdndi\u00adce L de Theil, que per\u00admi\u00adte iden\u00adti\u00adfi\u00adcar a con\u00adtri\u00adbui\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o que a dife\u00adren\u00adci\u00ada\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o entre gru\u00adpos (com base em cri\u00adt\u00e9\u00adri\u00ados de g\u00eane\u00adro e ra\u00e7a) tem sobre a desi\u00adgual\u00adda\u00adde de ren\u00adda observada.<\/p>\n
Os resul\u00adta\u00addos mos\u00adtram, em pri\u00admei\u00adro lugar, que gas\u00adtos p\u00fabli\u00adcos com sa\u00fa\u00adde e edu\u00adca\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00eam impac\u00adto pro\u00adgres\u00adsi\u00advo sobre a dis\u00adtri\u00adbui\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o de ren\u00adda, ou seja, dimi\u00adnu\u00adem sua rele\u00adv\u00e2n\u00adcia \u00e0 medi\u00adda que se che\u00adga no topo da pir\u00e2\u00admi\u00adde. Para os 10% mais pobres do Bra\u00adsil, esses gas\u00adtos cor\u00adres\u00adpon\u00addem \u00e0 meta\u00adde da ren\u00adda das fam\u00ed\u00adli\u00adas, sen\u00addo a ren\u00adda enten\u00addi\u00adda como a soma dos bene\u00adf\u00ed\u00adci\u00ados p\u00fabli\u00adcos e a ren\u00adda mone\u00adt\u00e1\u00adria das fam\u00ed\u00adli\u00adas. Para os 50% mais pobres, tais gas\u00adtos somam pelo menos um quar\u00adto da ren\u00adda. Ao olhar para os qua\u00adtro gru\u00adpos demo\u00adgr\u00e1\u00adfi\u00adcos sepa\u00adra\u00adda\u00admen\u00adte, h\u00e1 um padr\u00e3o simi\u00adlar de inci\u00add\u00ean\u00adcia des\u00adtes gas\u00adtos p\u00fabli\u00adcos: eles s\u00e3o pro\u00adgres\u00adsi\u00advos para fam\u00ed\u00adli\u00adas che\u00adfi\u00ada\u00addas por homens e mulhe\u00adres, inde\u00adpen\u00adden\u00adte\u00admen\u00adte da ra\u00e7a. Toda\u00advia, quan\u00addo se olha para a ren\u00adda m\u00e9dia de cada gru\u00adpo, as des\u00adpe\u00adsas p\u00fabli\u00adcas com sa\u00fa\u00adde e edu\u00adca\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o rela\u00adti\u00adva\u00admen\u00adte mai\u00ado\u00adres nas fam\u00ed\u00adli\u00adas che\u00adfi\u00ada\u00addas por mulhe\u00adres negras e, em segui\u00adda, por homens negros. Final\u00admen\u00adte, a decom\u00adpo\u00adsi\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o da desi\u00adgual\u00adda\u00adde via \u00cdndi\u00adce L de Theil indi\u00adca que o com\u00adpo\u00adnen\u00adte intra gru\u00adpos \u00e9 sig\u00adni\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adti\u00adva\u00admen\u00adte mais expres\u00adsi\u00advo do que o entre gru\u00adpos na expli\u00adca\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o da desi\u00adgual\u00adda\u00adde de ren\u00adda. Isso sig\u00adni\u00adfi\u00adca que a dife\u00adren\u00adci\u00ada\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o de g\u00eane\u00adro e, prin\u00adci\u00adpal\u00admen\u00adte, de ra\u00e7a \u00e9 menos rele\u00advan\u00adte para o resul\u00adta\u00addo do \u00cdndi\u00adce L de Theil do que a con\u00adcen\u00adtra\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o de ren\u00adda inter\u00adna a cada gru\u00adpo. O exer\u00adc\u00ed\u00adcio mos\u00adtra que os gas\u00adtos com sa\u00fa\u00adde e edu\u00adca\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00fabli\u00adcas redu\u00adzem a desi\u00adgual\u00adda\u00adde medi\u00adda pelo \u00cdndi\u00adce L de Theil (este cai de 0,62 para 0,38), o que afe\u00adta ambos os com\u00adpo\u00adnen\u00adtes entre gru\u00adpos, que \u00e9 atri\u00adbu\u00ed\u00addo \u00e0s dife\u00adren\u00adci\u00ada\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es de ra\u00e7a e g\u00eane\u00adro (este cai de 0,07 para 0,05), e intra gru\u00adpos, que \u00e9 atri\u00adbu\u00ed\u00addo \u00e0s desi\u00adgual\u00adda\u00adde den\u00adtro dos gru\u00adpos (este cai de 0,55 para 0,33).<\/p>\n
Con\u00adclui-se que a inci\u00add\u00ean\u00adcia dos bene\u00adf\u00ed\u00adci\u00ados in-kind no Bra\u00adsil sobre a dis\u00adtri\u00adbui\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o de ren\u00adda por ra\u00e7a e g\u00eane\u00adro est\u00e3o for\u00adte\u00admen\u00adte con\u00addi\u00adci\u00ado\u00adna\u00addos pela con\u00adcen\u00adtra\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o da popu\u00adla\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o negra nos estra\u00adtos mais bai\u00adxos de ren\u00adda, uma par\u00adti\u00adcu\u00adla\u00adri\u00adda\u00adde naci\u00ado\u00adnal. As pro\u00advi\u00ads\u00f5es do Esta\u00addo em sa\u00fa\u00adde e edu\u00adca\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o bene\u00adfi\u00adci\u00adam rela\u00adti\u00adva\u00admen\u00adte mais essa popu\u00adla\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o por\u00adque h\u00e1 uma dis\u00adtri\u00adbui\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o desi\u00adgual de ren\u00adda e n\u00e3o por\u00adque foca\u00adli\u00adzam estes gru\u00adpos. Como se obser\u00adva a par\u00adtir do gas\u00adto pri\u00adva\u00addo em sa\u00fa\u00adde, a ofer\u00adta p\u00fabli\u00adca des\u00adses ser\u00advi\u00ad\u00e7os se tor\u00adna menos rele\u00advan\u00adte \u00e0 medi\u00adda em que se avan\u00ad\u00e7a para o topo da dis\u00adtri\u00adbui\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o, indi\u00adcan\u00addo res\u00adtri\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e0 uni\u00adver\u00adsa\u00adli\u00adza\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o das pol\u00ed\u00adti\u00adcas de sa\u00fa\u00adde e de edu\u00adca\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o pelo Esta\u00addo bra\u00adsi\u00adlei\u00adro e suge\u00adrin\u00addo a domi\u00adn\u00e2n\u00adcia de um mode\u00adlo pri\u00adva\u00addo asso\u00adci\u00ada\u00addo ao topo. A pro\u00advi\u00ads\u00e3o p\u00fabli\u00adca, por\u00adtan\u00adto, tem espa\u00ad\u00e7o para atu\u00adar de for\u00adma mais dire\u00adta na redu\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o do hia\u00adto dis\u00adtri\u00adbu\u00adti\u00advo entre bran\u00adcos e negros e homens e mulheres.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Esta nota con\u00adtri\u00adbui para o deba\u00adte sobre o papel redis\u00adtri\u00adbu\u00adti\u00advo da pol\u00ed\u00adti\u00adca fis\u00adcal no Bra\u00adsil a par\u00adtir da an\u00e1\u00adli\u00adse da inci\u00add\u00ean\u00adcia dos cha\u00adma\u00addos bene\u00adf\u00ed\u00adci\u00ados in-kind, isto \u00e9, os gas\u00adtos p\u00fabli\u00adcos com sa\u00fa\u00adde e edu\u00adca\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o na ren\u00adda das fam\u00ed\u00adli\u00adas. Com base na Pes\u00adqui\u00adsa de Or\u00e7a\u00admen\u00adtos Fami\u00adli\u00ada\u00adres (POF) 2017\u20132018, nos dados admi\u00adnis\u00adtra\u00adti\u00advos do Ins\u00adti\u00adtu\u00adto Naci\u00ado\u00adnal de Estudos [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","tags":[],"made_publication_type":[175],"class_list":["post-2406","made_publication","type-made_publication","status-publish","hentry","made_publication_type-policy-notes"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n